Glossary of Home Buying Terms

Home Buying Terms To Prepare You For Your Home Purchase Journey

Appraisal

An appraisal is a professional assessment of a property's value conducted by a licensed appraiser. It helps determine the fair market value of the property and is often required by lenders before approving a mortgage.


Closing Costs

Closing costs are fees and expenses associated with finalizing a real estate transaction. These costs typically include fees for title searches, loan origination, attorney services, property surveys, and insurance. Buyers are responsible for paying these costs, which are usually a percentage of the purchase price.


Contingency

A contingency is a condition or requirement that must be met for the purchase agreement to be binding. Common contingencies include obtaining financing, satisfactory home inspection results, and the sale of the buyer's current home. If the contingency is not satisfied, the buyer may have the right to cancel the contract without penalty.


Down Payment

The down payment is the initial payment made by the buyer toward the purchase price of the property. It is typically expressed as a percentage of the total purchase price and is paid upfront at the closing. The remaining amount is financed through a mortgage.


Equity

Equity is the value of a homeowner's interest in a property, calculated by subtracting any outstanding mortgage debt from the property's current market value. It represents the portion of the property's value that the homeowner truly owns.


Home Inspection

A home inspection is an examination of a property's condition by a professional home inspector. It assesses the overall structural integrity, mechanical systems, and potential issues that may affect the property's value or safety. The inspection report helps the buyer make an informed decision about the purchase.


Mortgage

A mortgage is a loan provided by a lender to finance the purchase of a property. It is typically repaid over a specified term with interest. The property serves as collateral for the loan, and if the borrower fails to make payments, the lender may have the right to foreclose and take possession of the property.


Pre-approval

Mortgage pre-approval is a process in which a lender evaluates a borrower's financial situation and creditworthiness to determine the maximum loan amount they qualify for. Pre-approval provides a clear idea of the budget for house hunting and demonstrates to sellers that the buyer is a serious and qualified candidate.


Title

Title refers to legal ownership and rights to a property. A title search is conducted to ensure that there are no liens, claims, or other encumbrances on the property that could affect its transfer of ownership. Title insurance is typically obtained to protect against any future claims or defects in the title.


Underwriting

Underwriting is the process through which a lender assesses the risk associated with approving a mortgage loan. It involves reviewing the borrower's financial information, credit history, and property appraisal to determine if the loan meets the lender's criteria.


Amortization

Amortization refers to the gradual repayment of a mortgage loan over time through regular payments that include both principal and interest. With each payment, the portion allocated to principal increases, while the portion allocated to interest decreases.


Closing Disclosure (CD)

The Closing Disclosure is a document provided to the borrower by the lender at least three business days before the closing. It outlines the final terms of the loan, including the interest rate, monthly payment, closing costs, and any other fees associated with the mortgage.


Escrow Account

An escrow account is a separate bank account held by the lender, where a portion of the borrower's monthly mortgage payment is deposited to cover expenses such as property taxes, homeowners insurance, and mortgage insurance premiums.


Homeowners Association (HOA)

A homeowners association is an organization that manages and enforces rules and regulations for a community or neighborhood. If you purchase a property within an HOA, you may be required to pay regular fees and abide by certain restrictions and guidelines.


Loan Estimate (LE)

The Loan Estimate is a document provided by the lender to the borrower within three business days of applying for a mortgage. It provides an estimate of the loan terms, interest rate, monthly payment, closing costs, and other details associated with the loan.


Points

Points, also known as discount points, are fees paid to the lender at closing in exchange for a lower interest rate. Each point is typically equal to 1% of the loan amount. Paying points upfront can reduce the interest paid over the life of the loan.


Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

Private Mortgage Insurance is insurance that protects the lender in case the borrower defaults on the mortgage. PMI is typically required for borrowers who make a down payment of less than 20% of the purchase price. The cost of PMI is added to the borrower's monthly mortgage payment.


Title Insurance

Title insurance protects the buyer and lender against any future legal claims or disputes regarding ownership of the property. It provides coverage for potential title defects that may have been missed during the title search and protects the buyer's investment in the property.


These are just a few essential terms you may come across during the home buying process. It's important to familiarize yourself with these terms and ask your real estate agent or mortgage lender for further clarification if needed.


By Noah Manning November 12, 2025
Bay Area Market Holds Steady as Confidence Builds On the real estate front, there’s plenty of nuance in the market right now. As technology accelerates and information can feel overwhelming, I’m deeply grateful to serve as a guide—helping clients interpret the data and navigate the process of buying or selling in one of the most dynamic and beautiful markets in the world. Strategy and clarity matter more than ever. As 2025 winds down, the Bay Area housing market continues to show quiet strength. Inventory has eased slightly since October, holding near 10,500 homes for sale , which remains above last year’s levels but is trending lower as sellers pull back for the holidays. Meanwhile, demand has held firm, buoyed by mortgage rates hovering in the low 6% range , their lowest levels in over a year. Nationally, pending home sales remain near their second-strongest pace of 2025, signaling renewed buyer confidence even amid mixed economic signals. Locally, showing traffic and refinance activity both reflect a steady sense of momentum. Economic Backdrop: Signs of Renewal At our recent Bay Area REAL Collective Mastermind , economist Dr. Lawrence Souza shared encouraging insights on what is unfolding beneath the surface of our regional economy. AI is fueling a new Bay Area resurgence. While some established tech companies continue selective layoffs, a surge of AI startups and data-center investment is generating new hiring and office demand, particularly in San Francisco and Silicon Valley . Migration back to core markets is underway as professionals return toward San Francisco, the Peninsula, and East Bay hubs such as Walnut Creek and Pleasant Hill. San Francisco’s quiet comeback: office occupancy, rents, and venture-capital inflows are climbing again, even as national headlines lag behind what is happening on the ground. Rates and policy: The Federal Reserve may hold rates steady through year-end, with modest cuts possible in 2026 , although tariff policies could temper that progress. Together, these dynamics suggest the Bay Area is entering the early phase of another tech-driven growth cycle, one likely to support long-term housing stability. What We’re Seeing in the Housing Market Inventory is stable. There are approximately 10,500 active listings Bay Area–wide (down 3 percent month over month and up 8 percent year over year). Alameda and Contra Costa remain balanced with 80–85 days on market, while Marin and Sonoma average 100–110 days. Demand is steady. Pending sales are flat from October, with well-priced homes continuing to draw strong interest, particularly under $1.5 million in the East Bay. San Francisco shows renewed energy. Days on market have tightened to around 68, with increased mid-tier activity. Luxury market cooling modestly. Listings priced above $4 million are taking four to five months to sell on average. Regional Market Pulse — November 2025 East Bay — Alameda and Contra Costa Counties The East Bay market remains balanced and steady as we move toward year-end. Inventory has eased slightly, but demand remains strong, especially for homes under $1.5 million , where well-priced listings continue to attract multiple offers. Average market time hovers around 80 days , yet that figure masks a clear divide. Strategically priced, well-presented homes often sell in one to two weeks, while overambitious listings linger far longer. The region continues to benefit from migration back toward the core , with professionals returning to East Bay hubs such as Walnut Creek and Pleasant Hill . This trend echoes economist Dr. Lawrence Souza’s observation of the Bay Area’s AI-driven resurgence. Pulse: A tale of two markets. Precise pricing and presentation drive quick sales, while overpricing leads to extended time on market. North Bay — Marin and Sonoma Counties The North Bay has eased into a quieter seasonal rhythm, with average market times around 100–110 days . Still, standout properties that are beautifully presented, well-located, and realistically priced often attract strong early activity and sell within the first two weeks. Buyers here remain patient and discerning, seeking homes that align with lifestyle and long-term value. While broader AI and tech-sector growth is centered further south, spillover confidence and equity migration continue to support North Bay demand, particularly among move-up buyers and remote professionals seeking space and calm. Pulse: Slower averages conceal quick wins for turnkey, well-positioned listings. Strategy and timing remain key. San Francisco San Francisco continues to show steady buyer energy, particularly in the $1 million to $2 million range, where days on market average around 68 . Move-in-ready homes that are priced correctly can still draw multiple offers within 10 to 14 days, signaling renewed local confidence. Economically, the city is experiencing a quiet comeback. Venture capital activity, office absorption, and AI-related hiring are all trending upward, laying the groundwork for the next wave of market strength. Higher-end listings above $3 million are taking longer to move as buyers weigh options and price sensitivity remains high. Pulse: The city’s mid-tier segment is moving briskly. Overall averages reflect slower luxury velocity and selective pricing. A Tale of Two Markets Well-prepared, strategically priced homes continue to attract multiple offers and premium prices, while optimistically priced listings are lingering. This creates opportunities for patient, prepared buyers who are ready to act decisively when the right property appears. Mortgage Rates Continue to Support Buyers Rates remain in the low 6 percent range, with some jumbo loans closer to 5.9 to 6.1 percent. Refinance activity has picked up, and buyers who were priced out earlier in the year are re-engaging as affordability improves. Looking Ahead With economic momentum returning to the Bay Area’s core markets, a disciplined, data-driven approach remains key. Strategy and clarity matter more than ever. Whether buying or selling, having an experienced advisor to interpret the numbers and the nuances behind them can make all the difference.  Data Source: Market data compiled from ReportsOnHousing.com and local MLS statistics. See the full Bay Area report below for detailed trends, county snapshots, and year-over-year comparisons.
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Topics to Consider when starting your home purchase journey